Pneuma (πνεύμα) is an ancient Greek word for “breath,” and in a religious context for “spirit” or “soul.” It has various technical meanings for medical writers and philosophers of classical antiquity, particularly in regard to physiology, and is also used in Greek translations of the Hebrew Bible and in the Greek New Testament. In classical philosophy, it is distinguishable from psyche (ψυχή), which originally meant “breath of life”, but is regularly translated as “spirit” or most often “soul”.
Saskia Moore
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